The disease occurs mainly in South and Central America, sometimes in the United States and rarely as the epidemic expands as North as Canada and as far south as Argentina.
Clinical signs so closely similar to FMD, that they need not be repeated in detail here.
Such as FMD, the most striking feature is the emergence of vesicles (blisters) up to 30 mm diameter on the nose, lips and nipples and around coronets feet that can make the lame pig.
Mortality is usually low and most of the pigs recover in one to two weeks.
One of the differences from the FMD is a relatively small proportion of pigs in a swine herd is showing the vesicles. Another difference from the FMD is that usually when an outbreak occurred in a herd of pigs that rarely if ever spread to cattle and horses on the ranch the same and vice versa.
The Virus has spread mechanically by a variety of insects and has been isolated from black flies, face flies, moth flies, sand Springs, leaf hoppers and mosquitoes.
Viruses Multiply in some insects and can pass through the vertical descent to the ovaries. Insects are therefore considered acting as a reservoir, preserving the virus in enzootic areas.
It is estimated that in the spread among pigs in the epizootic of insects get viruses on their mouth parts from feed on the remaining lesions after vesicles have exploded and brought other mechanical pigs in the same herd or flock of neighbors. It's unlikely that they're getting infected from blood-sucking pigs.
The Virus can also be spread among pigs by direct contact especially when pigs are tightly packed together, for example, during transport or when pigs against after mixing. The Virus can also be performed from the herd to herd through the movement of pigs.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs similar to FMD and vs. the SVD are subject to a Government policy of slaughter and Eradication in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Chile, Southern Brazil, and Argentina. It is therefore very important to achieve a fast accurate diagnosis. This can only be done by giving complete and laboratory samples to be able to do the appropriate tests. The goal is to eliminate the possibility of FMD disease.
The best example to give up is vesicular fluid, if available, which has a high concentration of virus and/or vesicular tissue (for example thin superficial skin layer of vesicles) that also contain viruses. If these samples from pigs or cows that authorities would probably only allow you to send them to a laboratory for FMD
The test is generally used with backup ELISAs neutralization and complement fixation tests. Horses, antibodies against the virus level rise VS. to be demonstrated in the blood sample to ensure that the infection has been active VS.
This is because in the old area of epizootic some horses may have positive antibody of swine. Pigs generally do not live so long that one positive sample would be very indicative of active infection. Unfortunately it takes blood samples and serology may mean delayed at least two weeks is too long.